Anita Anand (2015). Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary. Bloomsbury Academic. p.12. ISBN 978-1-63286-081-1. Nepal [ edit ] Shree Panch Mahārājādhirāja Rana Bahadur Shah Bahadur Shamsher Jang Devanam Sada Samaravijayinam, Sovereign King of Nepal In Seri Malayas of the Srivijaya, under the Srivijaya satellite empire of the Majapahit Empire dominated over the whole Malayas far-reaching the present Philippine Archipelago, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia under the Srivijaya Empire of the Majapahit King Maharaja Pamariwasa. The latter's daughter Es-kander was married to an Arab (Zein Ul-Abidin), the third Makdum who promulgated Koranic studies (Madrassahs) and was a Srivijaya ruler in Seri who were a Srivijaya Monarchy. In the 12th century with the fall of the empire, the Seri King being a Muslim established the Sultanate of Brunei in 1363 with the throne name Sultan Mohamad Shah. In 1426, he established the sultanate of sulu as his death was recorded in 1431 Mt. Makatangis Sulu grave and 1432 Brunei grave. Both Sulu and Brunei claim the honor of his grave, while his brother, a Johore (Singapore) Prince Makdum Karim (Sharif Kabungsuwan of Malabang Lanao) the second Makdum after the first one Makdum Tuan Masha'ik. Karim ul-makdum re=enforced Islam, a Srivijaya Johore ruler, later established the Sultanate of Maguindanao-Ranao (Mindanao) after taking the political authority of his father-in-law Tomaoi Aliwya of the Maguiindanao family dynasty. He adapted the title as sultan Aliwya (Sharif Kabungsuwan), the first Maguindanao Sultan. The second and third Makdum's father was Sultan Betatar of Taif Arabia who was the 9th progeny of Hasan, the grandson of prophet Sayyidina Muhammad.

Ranjit Singh ensured that Panjab manufactured and was self-sufficient in all weapons, equipment and munitions his army needed. [12] His government invested in infrastructure in the 1800s and thereafter, established raw materials mines, cannon foundries, gunpowder and arm factories. [12] Some of these operations were owned by the state, others operated by private Sikh operatives. [12] Mahārāja ( / ˌ m ɑː h ə ˈ r ɑː dʒ ə/ MAH-hə- RAH-jə; also spelled Maharajah or Maharaj, is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", " great king" or " high king". [1] With the fall and decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, Raja Chamaraja Wodeyar III's son and successor Maharaja Timmaraja Wodeyar II declared independence and assumed the title maharaja of Mysore. [9] During the reigns of kings Kanthirava Narasaraja I and Devaraja Wodeyar I, the kingdom saw great territorial expansion. [10] In the latter half of the 18th century, during the sultanate of the Hyder Ali- Tipu father-son duo dictating the kingdom in succession, [11] the maharajas went largely unrecognised or merely remained nominal rulers. [12] After the fall of Tipu, British Crown restored the kingdom to the Wadiyars as maharajas. [13] Governor [ edit ] a b c d e f g h i j k Khushwant Singh (2008). Ranjit Singh. Penguin Books. pp.9–14. ISBN 978-0-14-306543-2. As India gained independence from British Crown in 1947, Crown allies, most of which were princely India, ceded into the Dominion of India by 1950. With that, the title and the role of maharaja was replaced with that of rajpramukh and soon governor. This article is part of a series about the Kingdom of MysoreJean Marie Lafont (2002). Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers. Oxford University Press. p.64. ISBN 978-0-19-566111-8. a b Kaushik Roy; Peter Lorge (2014). Chinese and Indian Warfare – From the Classical Age to 1870. Routledge. pp.100–103. ISBN 978-1-317-58710-1. a b Singh, Khushwant (2008). Ranjit Singh: Maharaja of the Punjab. New Delhi: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-143-06543-2. The British directly ruled two-thirds of the Indian subcontinent; the rest was under indirect rule by the above-mentioned princes under the considerable influence of British representatives, such as Residents, at their courts. Ranjit Singh's reign introduced reforms, modernisation, investment into infrastructure and general prosperity. [11] [12] His Khalsa army and government included Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims and Europeans. [13] His legacy includes a period of Sikh cultural and artistic renaissance, including the rebuilding of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar as well as other major gurudwaras, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar and Hazur Sahib Nanded, Maharashtra under his sponsorship. [14] [15] Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his son Kharak Singh.

Atwal, Priya (2020). Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire. C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited. ISBN 978-1-78738-308-1. Rajakumari is a princess who will not be the next queen. This title is usually granted to the daughter of a Maharaja.a b c d "Postscript: Maharaja Duleep Singh", Emperor of the Five Rivers, I.B. Tauris, 2017, doi: 10.5040/9781350986220.0008, ISBN 978-1-78673-095-4

Harjot Oberoi (1994). The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition. University of Chicago Press. pp.114–115. ISBN 978-0-226-61593-6. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/hindi-english/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0#:~:text=%2Fsarak%C4%81ra%2F,are%20responsible%20for%20governing%20it. Jacques, Tony (2006). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century. Westport: Greenwood Press. p.419. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5. Major, Andrew J. (1991). "The Punjabi Chieftains and the Transition from Sikh to British Rule". In DA Low (ed.). The Political Inheritance of Pakistan. Springer, Cambridge University Commonwealth Series. pp.53–85. doi: 10.1007/978-1-349-11556-3_3. ISBN 978-1-349-11558-7.

Singh, Khushwant (2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838 (2nded.). Oxford University Press. p.265. ISBN 978-0-19-567308-1 . Retrieved 1 April 2011.

One is the music festivals. They showcase Rajasthani musicians, and in recent years they have also hosted Sufi singers and flamenco artists who perform late into winter nights in the light of hundreds of clay lamps. Bhatia, Sardar Singh (2011). "Ratan Kaur, Rani". In Singh, Harbans (ed.). The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism. Vol.III M-R (3rded.). Punjabi University Patiala. p.491. ISBN 978-8-1-7380-349-9. Marshall, Julie G. (2005), Britain and Tibet 1765–1947: a select annotated bibliography of British relations with Tibet

Singh, to his credit, isn’t blind to how people like him were perceived then and may still be now. “There was a stigma,” he says. “It’s changing, but we suffered because of that.” Bhatia, Sardar Singh (2011). "Daya Kaur, Rani (died 1843)". In Singh, Harbans (ed.). The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism. Vol.I A–D (3rded.). Punjabi University Patiala. p.539. ISBN 978-8-1-7380-100-6. Ranjit Singh was born in a Jat Sikh family on 13 November 1780 to Maha Singh and Raj Kaur in Gujranwala, Punjab region (present-day Punjab, Pakistan). His mother Raj Kaur was the daughter of Jat Sikh Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind. [16] [17] [note 1] Upon his birth, he was named Buddh Singh after his ancestor who was first in line to take Amrit Sanchaar. The child's name was changed to Ranjit (literally, "victor in battle") Singh ("lion") by his father to commemorate his army's victory over the Chattha chieftain Pir Muhammad. [6] [20] Ranjit Singh as a young boy, detail from a late 18th century painting of a diplomatic meeting between Sikh Misls Maharajah has taken on new spellings due to the time change and migration. It has even been shortened to Mahraj and Maraj but the most common is Maharajah and Maharaj.