Ferguson, E., Chege, P., Kimiywe, J., Wiesmann, D., & Hotz, C. (2016). Zinc, iron and calcium are major limiting nutrients in the complementary diets of rural Kenyan children. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 11, 6–20. 10.1111/mcn.12243 Stark, K. D., van Elswyk, M. E., Higgins, M. R., Weatherford, C. A., & Jr, N. S. (2016). Progress in Lipid Research Global survey of the omega‐3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the blood stream of healthy adults. JPLR, 63, 132–152. 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.05.001

Estimated contribution (%) to recommended daily intakes of iron, zinc, calcium and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from a 10‐g serving of fish powder. The pregnancy and lactation periods are broken down by the three trimesters of pregnancy (T1, T2 and T3) and by month of lactation, given that zinc recommendations vary between these time periods. The recommended intakes for iron, zinc and calcium are from the most recent WHO/FAO guidelines for vitamins and mineral intakes (WHO & FAO, 2004) and for fatty acid intakes (FAO & WHO, 2010). For the iron bioavailability calculations, we used 10%, and low bioavailability was used for the zinc calculations, based on current consumption patterns in ZambiaDewey, K. G. (2013). The challenge of meeting nutrient needs of infants and young children during the period of complementary feeding: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Nutrition, 143, 2050–2054. 10.3945/jn.113.182527 The in vitro spread plate technique method was used to carry out the Total Plate Count (TPC). Commercially available nutrient agar powder (M001, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Nashik, India) was taken to prepare the media. 28 g of powder mixed with 1000 mL of boiling distilled water (100°C). After that, the prepared media was sterilised (121°C) along with all other necessary equipment. The medium was poured into a Petri dish and cooled carefully to dilute each step of the mass, and uniformly spread 0.1 mL sample. After incubation at 37°C for 24 hours, individual colonies were carefully counted and expressed in colony-forming units (CFU/g) [ 32]. 2.7. Sensory Analysis of Fish Powder-Fortified Cake Grantham‐McGregor, S., & Ani, C. (2001). A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. The Journal of Nutrition, 131( 2), 649S–668S. 10.1093/jn/131.2.649S

Given that the indispensable amino acid profile of fish meal reflects that of the ideal protein pattern for fish or shrimp, fish meal is a major protein source in aquaculture. Protein digestibility of good quality fish meal is very high with equally high amino acid availability ( Anderson et al., 1995). Fish meal is also a source of essential fatty acids, minerals and trace elements. Fish powder made by stabilizing lipids and proteins preserves the original taste and flavor of the fish and makes a good storability in freezing and room is, therefore, boosting the demand for fish powder in the country. For example, Hilsa fish which has a mouth-watering flavor, high nutritional value with high protein, and very high lipid, is augmenting the demand for hilsa fish powder in India. What is the Performance of the German Fish Powder Market?A good Fish Seasoning is an easy way to make any fish delicious – fast! This spice rub mix is based on Old Bay Seasoning and is a combination of spices for fish that works really well together. I’ve used flathead fillets today, but it can be used for any fish suitable for pan frying. A great fish seasoning spice mix

Consumer demand for ready-to-eat convenience foods with good nutritional value that require minimal processing is predicted to be significant. The presence of bones is a serious issue when manufacturing convenience goods from leiognathus sp. It's also good sprinkled over a salad, or added to Laotian-style soups Goes well with namya curry or added to Thai vegetable soup (kaeng liang). Fish meal is also susceptible to chemical contamination with harmful substances (chlorinated hydrocarbons: dieldrin, lindane, PCBs, dioxins) ( Erne et al., 1979), due to the accumulation of those anthropogenic substances in the marine food chain and finally in the fatty tissues of fish used for the manufacture of fish meal. The levels of such contaminants (PCBs, dioxins) in fish meal depend on the fish source: fish meals from Central America have lower levels than those from the Northern hemisphere ( New et al., 2002).With regards to fish and shellfish allergy and hypersensitivity, HACCP principals should be applied to prevent allergy risk and due to the nature and origin of the powder. Careful handling to prevent direct inhalation should be undertaken to prevent potential irritation as these products are not intended for consumption in concentrate dry powder form. Complimentary feeding plays a very important role in child development and the reduction of stunting levels. Complementary feeding is the introduction of solid/semisolid food to breastfed infants at the age 6 months when breast milk alone becomes insufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants [ 16, 17]. Complementary diets for infants and young children in most developing countries, including Zambia, are plant-based and of low nutrient and energy density [ 18]. Studies have shown that children whose diets include animal-source protein foods are more likely to grow taller compared to the ones that are fed plant source protein [ 18]. Animal source food such as meat, poultry, and milk products are of great benefit in early complementary feeding but may be unaffordable to low-income groups [ 19]. However, utilizing locally available animal-source protein foods may overcome the barrier of food costs [ 20, 21, 22, 23]. The growing popularity of ready-to-eat food provides a Strong Base for the fish powder market in North America