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There are two types of micro USB connectors: Micro-A and Micro-B. Both have a similar width and approximately half the height of their mini USB counterparts. USB’s primary aim is indicated by the universal of the title. That is, it originally hoped to standardize communication and power sources for computer peripherals. This universality has only recently come close to reality with USB-C, but even the initial iterations greatly improved earlier connection technologies. Before USB, users had to contend with an array of different, bulky cables and connectors, such as parallel, serial, VGA, and PS/2 ports for keyboards and mice, which notoriously had the same form factor but were not functionally interchangeable.
The difference between male and female connectors - the two connector genders - is that one gets plugged in, while the other gets plugged into. The body responsible for developing, maintaining, and updating the USB standard is called the USB Implementers Forum, or USB-IF. To date, there have been four main generations of USB released: USB 1.x (which had various subcategories), USB 2.0, USB 3.x (again, with subcategories), and USB 4. You will often see these referred to as USB gen 1, USB gen 3, and so on. The limit to device power draw is stated in terms of a unit load which is 100mA for USB 2.0, or 150mA for SuperSpeed (i.e. USB 3. x) devices. Low-power devices may draw at most 1 unit load, and all devices must act as low-power devices before they are configured. A high-powered device must be configured, after which it may draw up to 5 unit loads (500mA), or 6 unit loads (900mA) for SuperSpeed devices, as specified in its configuration because the maximum power may not always be available from the upstream port. [43] [44] [45] [46] Main article: USB-C The USB-C plug USB cable with a USB-C plug and a USB-C port on a notebook computer
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What Is the USB 3.0 Cable Difference". Hantat. May 18, 2009. Archived from the original on December 11, 2011 . Retrieved December 12, 2011. The Micro plug design is rated for at least 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles, which is more than the Mini plug design. [13] [16] The Micro connector is also designed to reduce the mechanical wear on the device; instead, the easier-to-replace cable is designed to bear the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection. The Universal Serial Bus Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification details the mechanical characteristics of Micro-A plugs, Micro-AB receptacles (which accept both Micro-A and Micro-B plugs), Double-Sided Micro USB, and Micro-B plugs and receptacles, [16] along with a Standard-A receptacle to a Micro-A plug adapter. Battery Charging v1.2 Spec and Adopters Agreement" (Zip). USB Implementers Forum. March 15, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014 . Retrieved May 13, 2021. Edison's revenge". The Economist. October 19, 2013. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013 . Retrieved October 23, 2013.
So, if you are transferring data from your phone to your laptop via a USB cable, you will plug your phone (host) into the laptop’s USB port (receptor). Ngo, Dong (August 22, 2014). "USB Type-C: One Cable to Connect Them All". c|net. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015 . Retrieved December 28, 2014. So, USB 3.0 and USB 3.1 Gen 1 are essentially the same and have a top data transfer speed of 5 Gbps. Then, in July 2013, USB 3.1 Gen 2 was released, with its top data transfer speed at 10 Gbps. USB-C is relatively new, so there have been some issues. Some early users complained that the standard is trying to do too much for all devices; an inevitable risk of bringing a universal solution into a complicated ecosystem. Since USB-C is a standard, actual implementations may vary, and they may not support all modes of operation. In short, almost every device that includes a PCB (printed circuit board) will likely have at least one type of USB port on it somewhere. PCB USB connectors and related components are cheap to buy, and easy to mount in a variety of ways including panel, surface, through-hole, and cable mount.Read on to discover how all that changes with USB-C. Or find out how ViewSonic USB-C monitors can bring you a whole host of benefits. The three sizes of USB connectors are the default, or standard, format intended for desktop or portable equipment, the mini intended for mobile equipment, which was deprecated when it was replaced by the thinner micro size, all of which were deprecated in USB 3.2 in favor of Type-C. There are five speeds for USB data transfer: Low Speed, Full Speed, High Speed (from version 2.0 of the specification), SuperSpeed (from version 3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (from version 3.1). The modes have differing hardware and cabling requirements. USB devices have some choice of implemented modes, and USB version is not a reliable statement of implemented modes. Modes are identified by their names and icons, and the specification suggests that plugs and receptacles be color-coded (SuperSpeed is identified by blue). a b "10 Power Rules", Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Specification revision2.0, version1.2, USB Implementers Forum, 25 March 2016, archived from the original on 1 June 2012 , retrieved 9 April 2016 Battery Charging Specification, Revision 1.1". USB Implementers Forum. April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on March 29, 2014 . Retrieved September 23, 2009. USB On-The-Go (OTG) introduces the concept of a device performing both host and device roles. All current OTG devices are required to have one, and only one, USB connector: a Micro-AB receptacle. (In the past, before the development of Micro-USB, On-The-Go devices used Mini-AB receptacles.)
USB 2.0 was launched in 2000 and significantly upgraded the maximum data transfer speed to 480 Mbps. In addition to that, it also enabled USB to have a better (and more efficient) current capability to provide charging to electronic devices like smartphones. USB 3.0 Then, in September 2017, USB 3.2 was released. There are four versions of USB 3.2: Gen 1×1, Gen 1×2, Gen 2×1, and Gen 2×2. Often referred to as “male”, as they plug into a “female” port, it is important to understand that there are two elements of USB standard to consider; the physical connector shape and the underlying protocol (speed). USB Type A Smith, Ryan (September 22, 2014). "DisplayPort Alternate Mode for USB Type-C Announced - Video, Power, & Data All Over Type-C". AnandTech. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014 . Retrieved December 28, 2014. USB was designed to standardize the connection of peripherals to personal computers, both to exchange data and to supply electric power. It has largely replaced interfaces such as serial ports and parallel ports and has become commonplace on a wide range of devices. Examples of peripherals that are connected via USB include computer keyboards and mice, video cameras, printers, portable media players, mobile (portable) digital telephones, disk drives, and network adapters.
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a b Universal Serial Bus 3.0 Specification: Revision 1.0. June 6, 2011. p.531. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013 . Retrieved April 28, 2019. USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, a common standard launched in 1996. Before this, there was a much wider variety of different connectors commonly used for linking PCs and compatible hardware. Examples you might be familiar with include multiple versions of serial ports, D-Sub, and parallel ports. A bus-powered hub is a high-power device providing low-power ports. It draws 1 unit load for the hub controller and 1 unit load for each of at most 4 ports. The hub may also have some non-removable functions in place of ports. A self-powered hub is a device that provides high-power ports by supplementing the power supply from the host with its own external supply. Optionally, the hub controller may draw power for its operation as a low-power device, but all high-power ports must draw from the hub's self-power. As such, you will most find these connectors on external hard drives, where vast amounts of data transfer occur regularly. 6 – Lightning Cable (For Apple Devices)
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