Fashion Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations", Marketing Fashion, Fairchild Publications, 2012, pp.427–458, doi: 10.5040/9781501303869.ch-014, ISBN 9781501303869 Fashion is a term used interchangeably to describe the creation of clothing, footwear, accessories, cosmetics, and jewellery of different cultural aesthetics and their mix and match into outfits that depict distinctive ways of dressing ( styles and trends) as signifiers of social status, self-expression, and group belonging. As a multifaceted term, fashion describes an industry, styles, aesthetics, and trends. From an academic lens, the sporting of various fashions has been seen as a form of fashion language, a mode of communication that produced various fashion statements, using a grammar of fashion. [126] This is a perspective promoted in the work of influential French philosopher and semiotician Roland Barthes. Simon, Stephanie (2009-01-13). "Trashion Trend: Dumpster Couture Gets a Boost at Green Inaugural Ball". Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2013-02-15.

Zero waste pattern cutting is one method that is moving towards sustainable fashion. It uses every inch of a fabric to create a garment, so that there is ‘zero waste’ left. Given the rectangular shape of fabric, many zero waste designs lend themselves to boxy silhouettes.In many ways, the influence that the shape of flat fabric has on the final design makes this method similar to subtraction pattern cutting.​As a relatively new form of pattern cutting, the boundaries of what designs can be made using the zero waste method are constantly being pushed. A good place to start learning and experimenting is this zero waste collective. Spears, Brian. "Top 6 Tech Trends in the Fashion Industry". apparel.edgl.com . Retrieved 2016-03-10. For many dressmaking patterns you need to either cut a pair of pattern pieces e.g. sleeves or cut one piece, on the fold. Not only does it save time to cut, for example, two sleeves out at once but it also gives you a much better chance of cutting out a pair of sleeves that are the same size. Cutting out two or cutting out a pair are distinctly different. A pair gives you two complementary pieces because when the fabric is laid right sides up, one sleeve will be for the left and the other for the right. It is effectively the same as cutting out when the pattern piece is facing you and again when you flip it over and it’s facing away from you. Cutting two, mean two identical pattern pieces. This wouldn’t be very useful for sleeves as your notches would both fit either the left OR right sleeve! Grainline, or how the pattern should be aligned with the fabric. The arrow is meant to be aligned parallel to the straight grain of the fabric. A long arrow with arrowheads at both ends indicates that either of two orientations is possible. An arrow with one head probably indicates that the fabric has a direction to it which needs to be considered, such as a pattern which should face up when the wearer is standing.In sewing and fashion design, a pattern is the template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto woven or knitted fabrics before being cut out and assembled. Patterns are usually made of paper, and are sometimes made of sturdier materials like paperboard or cardboard if they need to be more robust to withstand repeated use. The process of making or cutting patterns is sometimes compounded to the one-word Patternmaking, but it can also be written pattern(-)making or pattern cutting. Resistance Is in Our Blood": 5 Ukrainian Designers Reflect on Their New Reality a Year on From the Russian Invasion". Vogue. 2023-02-24. Archived from the original on 2023-04-07.

The smallest mistake in a pattern can stop a garment from fitting correctly and can ruin the overall design and appearance. Pattern cutters need to be extremely precise when drawing out patterns. They should be prepared to do many iterations of a pattern before the master pattern is complete. Even the smallest adjustment can have a big impact on the finished piece. 4. Computer Skills Changes in clothing often took place at times of economic or social change, as occurred in ancient Rome and the medieval Caliphate, followed by a long period without significant changes. In eighth-century Moorish Spain, the musician Ziryab introduced to Córdoba [14] [ unreliable source] [15] sophisticated clothing styles based on seasonal and daily fashions from his native Baghdad, modified by his inspiration. Similar changes in fashion occurred in the 11th century in the Middle East following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia and the Far East. [16] Alleged Western distinctiveness Gensei Kajin Shu by Yoshu Chikanobu, 1890. Various styles of traditional Japanese clothing and Western styles. Heller, Sarah-Grace (2007). Fashion in Medieval France. Cambridge; Rochester, NY: Boydell and Brewer. pp.49–50. ISBN 9781843841104. Patterns of Fashion 1 (cut and construction of women's clothing, 1660–1860), Wace 1964, Macmillan 1972. Revised metric edition, Drama Books 1977. ISBN 0-89676-026-X.

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The drape of a garment is the way the fabric looks/how it falls when it is hanging on a person or mannequin. Fold line